COVARIANCE.S

The COVARIANCE.S function calculates the sample covariance between two data sets. It measures the degree to which two variables vary together, providing insight into their linear relationship. The return value from the function is a single number that can be positive, negative, or zero, depending on the relationship between the variables. Unlike correlation, covariance is not standardized and depends on the units of measurement. In this example, we'll examine the relationship between temperature (°F) and ice cream sales ($) from a sample of 5 days. As temperature increases, ice cream sales tend to increase as well, demonstrating positive covariance. The positive result indicates that temperature and ice cream sales have a positive relationship in this sample. As one increases, the other in