Syntax

R Base 3.6.2

Outlines R syntax and gives the precedence of operators.

Details

The following unary and binary operators are defined. They are listed in precedence groups, from highest to lowest. :: ::: access variables in a namespace $ @ component / slot extraction [ [[ indexing ^ exponentiation (right to left) - + unary minus and plus : sequence operator %any% special operators (including %% and %/%) * / multiply, divide + - (binary) add, subtract < > <= >= == != ordering and comparison ! negation & && and | || or ~ as in formulae -> ->> rightwards assignment <- <<- assignment (right to left) = assignment (right to left) ? help (unary and binary) Within an expression operators of equal precedence are evaluated from left to right except where indicated. (Note that = is not necessarily an operator.) The binary operators ::, :::, $ and @ require names or string constan

Examples

Example

# NOT RUN {
## Logical AND ("&&") has higher precedence than OR ("||"):
TRUE || TRUE && FALSE   # is the same as
TRUE || (TRUE && FALSE) # and different from
(TRUE || TRUE) && FALSE

## Special operators have higher precedence than "!" (logical NOT).
## You can use this for %in% :
! 1:10 %in% c(2, 3, 5, 7) # same as !(1:10 %in% c(2, 3, 5, 7))
## but we strongly advise to use the "!( ... )" form in this case!


## '=' has lower precedence than '<-' ... so you should not mix them
##     (and '<-' is considered better style anyway):
# }
# NOT RUN {
## Consequently, this gives a ("non-catchable") error
 x <- y = 5  #->  Error in (x <- y) = 5 : ....
# }

Syntax

Details

Examples

See Also