cbind

R Base 3.6.2

Take a sequence of vector, matrix or data-frame arguments and combine by columns or rows, respectively. These are generic functions with methods for other R classes.

Syntax

cbind(&#8230;, deparse.level = 1)
rbind(&#8230;, deparse.level = 1)
# S3 method for data.frame
rbind(&#8230;, deparse.level = 1, make.row.names = TRUE,
      stringsAsFactors = default.stringsAsFactors(), factor.exclude = NA)

Arguments

Parameter	Description
`…`	(generalized) vectors or matrices. These can be given as named arguments. Other R objects may be coerced as appropriate, or S4 methods may be used: see sections ‘Details’ and ‘Value’. (For the "data.frame" method of cbind these can be further arguments to data.frame such as stringsAsFactors.)
`deparse.level`	integer controlling the construction of labels in the case of non-matrix-like arguments (for the default method): deparse.level = 0 constructs no labels; the default, deparse.level = 1 or 2 constructs labels from the argument names, see the ‘Value’ section below.
`make.row.names`	(only for data frame method:) logical indicating if unique and valid row.names should be constructed from the arguments.
`stringsAsFactors`	logical, passed to as.data.frame; only has an effect when the … arguments contain a (non-data.frame) character.
`factor.exclude`	if the data frames contain factors, TRUE ensures that NA levels of factors are kept, see 17562 and the ‘Data frame methods’. In R versions up to 3.6.x, factor.exclude = NA has been implicitly hardcoded (R <= 3.6.0) or the default (R = 3.6.x, x >= 1).

Return Value

For the default method, a matrix combining the … arguments column-wise or row-wise. (Exception: if there are no inputs or all the inputs are NULL, the value is NULL.) The type of a matrix result determined from the highest type of any of the inputs in the hierarchy raw < logical < integer < double < complex < character < list . For cbind (rbind) the column (row) names are taken from the colnames (rownames) of the arguments if these are matrix-like. Otherwise from the names of the arguments or wh

Details

The functions cbind and rbind are S3 generic, with methods for data frames. The data frame method will be used if at least one argument is a data frame and the rest are vectors or matrices. There can be other methods; in particular, there is one for time series objects. See the section on ‘Dispatch’ for how the method to be used is selected. If some of the arguments are of an S4 class, i.e., isS4(.) is true, S4 methods are sought also, and the hidden cbind / rbind functions from package methods maybe called, which in turn build on cbind2 or rbind2, respectively. In that case, deparse.level is obeyed, similarly to the default method. In the default method, all the vectors/matrices must be atomic (see vector) or lists. Expressions are not allowed. Language objects (such as formulae and calls

Examples

Example

# NOT RUN {
m <- cbind(1, 1:7) # the '1' (= shorter vector) is recycled
m
m <- cbind(m, 8:14)[, c(1, 3, 2)] # insert a column
m
cbind(1:7, diag(3)) # vector is subset -> warning

cbind(0, rbind(1, 1:3))
cbind(I = 0, X = rbind(a = 1, b = 1:3))  # use some names
xx <- data.frame(I = rep(0,2))
cbind(xx, X = rbind(a = 1, b = 1:3))   # named differently

cbind(0, matrix(1, nrow = 0, ncol = 4)) #> Warning (making sense)
dim(cbind(0, matrix(1, nrow = 2, ncol = 0))) #-> 2 x 1

## deparse.level
dd <- 10
rbind(1:4, c = 2, "a++" = 10, dd, deparse.level = 0) # middle 2 rownames
rbind(1:4, c = 2, "a++" = 10, dd, deparse.level = 1) # 3 rownames (default)
rbind(1:4, c = 2, "a++" = 10, dd, deparse.level = 2) # 4 rownames

## cheap row names:
b0 <- gl(3,4, labels=letters[1:3])
bf <- setNames(b0, paste0("o", seq_along(b0)))
df  <- data.frame(a = 1, B = b0, f = gl(4,3))
df. <- data.frame(a = 1, B = bf, f = gl(4,3))
new <- data.frame(a = 8, B ="B", f = "1")
(df1  <- rbind(df , new))
(df.1 <- rbind(df., new))
stopifnot(identical(df1, rbind(df,  new, make.row.names=FALSE)),
          identical(df1, rbind(df., new, make.row.names=FALSE)))
# }