diff

R Base 3.6.2

Returns suitably lagged and iterated differences.

Syntax

diff(x, &#8230;)<p></p><p># S3 method for default
diff(x, lag = 1, differences = 1, &#8230;)</p><p># S3 method for POSIXt
diff(x, lag = 1, differences = 1, &#8230;)</p><p># S3 method for Date
diff(x, lag = 1, differences = 1, &#8230;)</p>

Arguments

Parameter	Description
`x`	a numeric vector or matrix containing the values to be differenced.
`lag`	an integer indicating which lag to use.
`differences`	an integer indicating the order of the difference.
`…`	further arguments to be passed to or from methods.

Return Value

If x is a vector of length n and differences = 1, then the computed result is equal to the successive differences x[(1+lag):n] - x[1:(n-lag)]. If difference is larger than one this algorithm is applied recursively to x. Note that the returned value is a vector which is shorter than x. If x is a matrix then the difference operations are carried out on each column separately.

Details

diff is a generic function with a default method and ones for classes "ts", "POSIXt" and "Date". NA's propagate.

Examples

Example

# NOT RUN {
diff(1:10, 2)
diff(1:10, 2, 2)
x <- cumsum(cumsum(1:10))
diff(x, lag = 2)
diff(x, differences = 2)

diff(.leap.seconds)
# }