MathFun

abs(x) computes the absolute value of x, sqrt(x) computes the (principal) square root of x, \(\sqrt{x}\). The naming follows the standard for computer languages such as C or Fortran.

Syntax

R Copy

abs(x)
sqrt(x)

Arguments

Parameter	Description
x	a numeric or complex vector or array.

Details

These are internal generic primitive functions: methods can be defined for them individually or via the Math group generic. For complex arguments (and the default method), z, abs(z) == Mod(z) and sqrt(z) == z^0.5. abs(x) returns an integer vector when x is integer or logical.

Examples

Example

R Copy

# NOT RUN {
require(stats) # for spline
require(graphics)
xx <- -9:9
plot(xx, sqrt(abs(xx)),  col = "red")
lines(spline(xx, sqrt(abs(xx)), n=101), col = "pink")
# }

See Also

Arithmetic for simple log for logarithmic sin for trigonometric and Special for special mathematical functions. ‘plotmath’ for the use of sqrt in plot annotation.