LOWER(str)

MySQL 8.4

Returns the string str with all characters changed to lowercase according to the current character set mapping, or NULL if str is NULL. The default character set is utf8mb4.

Syntax

MYSQL

SELECT LOWER('QUADRATICALLY');
'quadratically'

Examples

Example

LOWER() (and UPPER()) are ineffective when applied to binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB). To perform lettercase conversion of a binary string, first convert it to a nonbinary string using a character set appropriate for the data stored in the string:

MYSQL

SELECT LOWER('QUADRATICALLY');
'quadratically'

Example 2

For collations of Unicode character sets, LOWER() and UPPER() work according to the Unicode Collation Algorithm (UCA) version in the collation name, if there is one, and UCA 4.0.0 if no version is specified. For example, utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci and utf8mb3_unicode_520_ci work according to UCA 9.0.0 and 5.2.0, respectively, whereas utf8mb3_unicode_ci works according to UCA 4.0.0. See Section 12.10.1, “Unicode Character Sets”.

MYSQL

SET @str = BINARY 'New York';
SELECT LOWER(@str), LOWER(CONVERT(@str USING utf8mb4));
+-------------+------------------------------------+
| LOWER(@str) | LOWER(CONVERT(@str USING utf8mb4)) |
+-------------+------------------------------------+
| New York    | new york                           |
+-------------+------------------------------------+