print mencetak argumennya dan mengembalikannya secara tidak terlihat (melalui tak terlihat(x)). Ini adalah fungsi umum yang berarti metode pencetakan baru dapat dengan mudah ditambahkan untuk kelas baru.
<!-- % print.default() --> ./print.default.Rd -->
print(x, …)<p></p><p># S3 method for factor
print(x, quote = FALSE, max.levels = NULL,
width = getOption("width"), …)</p><p># S3 method for table
print(x, digits = getOption("digits"), quote = FALSE,
na.print = "", zero.print = "0",
right = is.numeric(x) || is.complex(x),
justify = "none", …)</p><p># S3 method for function
print(x, useSource = TRUE, …)</p>| Parameter | Deskripsi |
|---|---|
x |
an object used to select a method. |
… |
further arguments passed to or from other methods. |
quote |
logical, indicating whether or not strings should be printed with surrounding quotes. |
max.levels |
integer, indicating how many levels should be printed for a factor; if 0, no extra "Levels" line will be printed. The default, NULL, entails choosing max.levels such that the levels print on one line of width width. |
width |
only used when max.levels is NULL, see above. |
digits |
minimal number of significant digits, see print.default. |
na.print |
character string (or NULL) indicating NA values in printed output, see print.default. |
zero.print |
character specifying how zeros (0) should be printed; for sparse tables, using "." can produce more readable results, similar to printing sparse matrices in Matrix. |
right |
logical, indicating whether or not strings should be right aligned. |
justify |
character indicating if strings should left- or right-justified or left alone, passed to format. |
useSource |
logical indicating if internally stored source should be used for printing when present, e.g., if options(keep.source = TRUE) has been in use. |
# NOT RUN {
require(stats)
ts(1:20) #-- print is the "Default function" --> print.ts(.) is called
for(i in 1:3) print(1:i)
## Printing of factors
attenu$station ## 117 levels -> 'max.levels' depending on width
## ordered factors: levels "l1 < l2 < .."
esoph$agegp[1:12]
esoph$alcgp[1:12]
## Printing of sparse (contingency) tables
set.seed(521)
t1 <- round(abs(rt(200, df = 1.8)))
t2 <- round(abs(rt(200, df = 1.4)))
table(t1, t2) # simple
print(table(t1, t2), zero.print = ".") # nicer to read
## same for non-integer "table":
T <- table(t2,t1)
T <- T * (1+round(rlnorm(length(T)))/4)
print(T, zero.print = ".") # quite nicer,
print.table(T[,2:8] * 1e9, digits=3, zero.print = ".")
## still slightly inferior to Matrix::Matrix(T) for larger T
## Corner cases with empty extents:
table(1, NA) # < table of extent 1 x 0 >
# }