GROUPING(expr [, expr] ...)

MySQL 8.4 🇮🇩 Bahasa Indonesia

PENGELOMPOKAN(expr [, expr] ...)

Syntax

MYSQL

SELECT * FROM t1;
+------+-------+----------+
| name | size  | quantity |
+------+-------+----------+
| ball | small |       10 |
| ball | large |       20 |
| ball | NULL  |        5 |
| hoop | small |       15 |
| hoop | large |        5 |
| hoop | NULL  |        3 |
+------+-------+----------+

Contoh

Example

For GROUP BY queries that include a WITH ROLLUP modifier, the ROLLUP operation produces super-aggregate output rows where NULL represents the set of all values. The GROUPING() function enables you to distinguish NULL values for super-aggregate rows from NULL values in regular grouped rows.

MYSQL

SELECT * FROM t1;
+------+-------+----------+
| name | size  | quantity |
+------+-------+----------+
| ball | small |       10 |
| ball | large |       20 |
| ball | NULL  |        5 |
| hoop | small |       15 |
| hoop | large |        5 |
| hoop | NULL  |        3 |
+------+-------+----------+

Example 2

GROUPING() is permitted in the select list, HAVING clause, and ORDER BY clause.

MYSQL

SELECT name, size, SUM(quantity) AS quantity
       FROM t1
       GROUP BY name, size;
+------+-------+----------+
| name | size  | quantity |
+------+-------+----------+
| ball | small |       10 |
| ball | large |       20 |
| ball | NULL  |        5 |
| hoop | small |       15 |
| hoop | large |        5 |
| hoop | NULL  |        3 |
+------+-------+----------+

Example 3

Each argument to GROUPING() must be an expression that exactly matches an expression in the GROUP BY clause. The expression cannot be a positional specifier. For each expression, GROUPING() produces 1 if the expression value in the current row is a NULL representing a super-aggregate value. Otherwise, GROUPING() produces 0, indicating that the expression value is a NULL for a regular result row or is not NULL.

MYSQL

SELECT name, size, SUM(quantity) AS quantity
       FROM t1
       GROUP BY name, size WITH ROLLUP;
+------+-------+----------+
| name | size  | quantity |
+------+-------+----------+
| ball | NULL  |        5 |
| ball | large |       20 |
| ball | small |       10 |
| ball | NULL  |       35 |
| hoop | NULL  |        3 |
| hoop | large |        5 |
| hoop | small |       15 |
| hoop | NULL  |       23 |
| NULL | NULL  |       58 |
+------+-------+----------+

Example 4

Suppose that table t1 contains these rows, where NULL indicates something like “other” or “unknown”:

MYSQL

SELECT
         name, size, SUM(quantity) AS quantity,
         GROUPING(name) AS grp_name,
         GROUPING(size) AS grp_size
       FROM t1
       GROUP BY name, size WITH ROLLUP;
+------+-------+----------+----------+----------+
| name | size  | quantity | grp_name | grp_size |
+------+-------+----------+----------+----------+
| ball | NULL  |        5 |        0 |        0 |
| ball | large |       20 |        0 |        0 |
| ball | small |       10 |        0 |        0 |
| ball | NULL  |       35 |        0 |        1 |
| hoop | NULL  |        3 |        0 |        0 |
| hoop | large |        5 |        0 |        0 |
| hoop | small |       15 |        0 |        0 |
| hoop | NULL  |       23 |        0 |        1 |
| NULL | NULL  |       58 |        1 |        1 |
+------+-------+----------+----------+----------+

Example 5

A summary of the table without WITH ROLLUP looks like this:

MYSQL

SELECT
         IF(GROUPING(name) = 1, 'All items', name) AS name,
         IF(GROUPING(size) = 1, 'All sizes', size) AS size,
         SUM(quantity) AS quantity
       FROM t1
       GROUP BY name, size WITH ROLLUP;
+-----------+-----------+----------+
| name      | size      | quantity |
+-----------+-----------+----------+
| ball      | NULL      |        5 |
| ball      | large     |       20 |
| ball      | small     |       10 |
| ball      | All sizes |       35 |
| hoop      | NULL      |        3 |
| hoop      | large     |        5 |
| hoop      | small     |       15 |
| hoop      | All sizes |       23 |
| All items | All sizes |       58 |
+-----------+-----------+----------+

Example 6

The result contains NULL values, but those do not represent super-aggregate rows because the query does not include WITH ROLLUP.

MYSQL

SELECT name, size, SUM(quantity) AS quantity
       FROM t1
       GROUP BY name, size WITH ROLLUP
       HAVING GROUPING(name) = 1 OR GROUPING(size) = 1;
+------+------+----------+
| name | size | quantity |
+------+------+----------+
| ball | NULL |       35 |
| hoop | NULL |       23 |
| NULL | NULL |       58 |
+------+------+----------+

Example 7

Adding WITH ROLLUP produces super-aggregate summary rows containing additional NULL values. However, without comparing this result to the previous one, it is not easy to see which NULL values occur in super-aggregate rows and which occur in regular grouped rows:

MYSQL

result for GROUPING(expr3)
+ result for GROUPING(expr2) << 1
+ result for GROUPING(expr1) << 2

Example 8

To distinguish NULL values in super-aggregate rows from those in regular grouped rows, use GROUPING(), which returns 1 only for super-aggregate NULL values:

MYSQL

SELECT
         name, size, SUM(quantity) AS quantity,
         GROUPING(name) AS grp_name,
         GROUPING(size) AS grp_size,
       GROUPING(name, size) AS grp_all
       FROM t1
       GROUP BY name, size WITH ROLLUP;
+------+-------+----------+----------+----------+---------+
| name | size  | quantity | grp_name | grp_size | grp_all |
+------+-------+----------+----------+----------+---------+
| ball | NULL  |        5 |        0 |        0 |       0 |
| ball | large |       20 |        0 |        0 |       0 |
| ball | small |       10 |        0 |        0 |       0 |
| ball | NULL  |       35 |        0 |        1 |       1 |
| hoop | NULL  |        3 |        0 |        0 |       0 |
| hoop | large |        5 |        0 |        0 |       0 |
| hoop | small |       15 |        0 |        0 |       0 |
| hoop | NULL  |       23 |        0 |        1 |       1 |
| NULL | NULL  |       58 |        1 |        1 |       3 |
+------+-------+----------+----------+----------+---------+

Example 9

Common uses for GROUPING():

MYSQL

SELECT name, size, SUM(quantity) AS quantity
       FROM t1
       GROUP BY name, size WITH ROLLUP
       HAVING GROUPING(name, size) <> 0;
+------+------+----------+
| name | size | quantity |
+------+------+----------+
| ball | NULL |       35 |
| hoop | NULL |       23 |
| NULL | NULL |       58 |
+------+------+----------+

Example 10

Substitute a label for super-aggregate NULL values:

MYSQL

SELECT GROUPING((SELECT MAX(name) FROM t1))
       FROM t1
       GROUP BY (SELECT MAX(name) FROM t1) WITH ROLLUP;
ERROR 3580 (HY000): Argument #1 of GROUPING function is not in GROUP BY

Example 11

Return only super-aggregate lines by filtering out the regular grouped lines:

MYSQL

SELECT a AS f1, 'w' AS f2
FROM t
GROUP BY f1, f2 WITH ROLLUP
HAVING GROUPING(f2) = 1;